3D-cultuurmodellen als drugtestplatforms bij hondenlymfoom en hun overspraak met lymfeklier-afgeleide stromacellen
Background: Malignant lymphoma is the most common hematopoietic malignancy in dogs, and relapse is frequently seen despite aggressive initial treatment. In order for the treatment of these recurrent lymphomas in dogs to be effective, it is important to choose a personalized and sensitive anticancer agent. To provide a reliable tool for drug development and for personalized cancer therapy, it is critical to maintain key characteristics of the original tumor.
Objectives: In this study, we established a model of hybrid tumor/stromal spheroids and investigated the association between canine lymphoma cell line (GL-1) and canine lymph node (LN)-derived stromal cells (SCs).
Methods: A hybrid spheroid model consisting of GL-1 cells and LN-derived SC was created using ultra low attachment plate. The relationship between SCs and tumor cells (TCs) was investigated using a coculture system.
Results: TCs cocultured with SCs were found to have significantly upregulated multidrug resistance genes, such as P-qp, MRP1, and BCRP, compared with TC monocultures. Additionally, it was revealed that coculture with SCs reduced doxorubicin-induced apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest of GL-1 cells.
Conclusions: SCs upregulated multidrug resistance genes in TCs and influenced apoptosis and the cell cycle of TCs in the presence of anticancer drugs. This study revealed that understanding the interaction between the tumor microenvironment and TCs is essential in designing experimental approaches to personalized medicine and to predict the effect of drugs.
Keywords: Canine lymphoma; drug resistance; lymph node-derived stromal cell; personalized cancer therapy; tumor microenvironment.
Het overwinnen van kweekbeperking voor SARS-CoV-2 in menselijke cellen vergemakkelijkt het screenen van verbindingen die virale replicatie remmen
Efforts to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic include screening of existing antiviral molecules that could be re-purposed to treat SARS-CoV-2 infections. Although SARS-CoV-2 replicates and propagates efficiently in African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells, antivirals such as nucleos(t)ide analogs (nucs) often show decreased activity in these cells due to inefficient metabolization. SARS-CoV-2 exhibits low viability in human cells in culture.
Here, serial passages of a SARS-CoV-2 isolate (original-SARS2) in the human hepatoma cell clone Huh7.5 led to the selection of a variant (adapted-SARS2) with significantly improved infectivity in human liver (Huh7 and Huh7.5) and lung cancer cells (unmodified Calu-1 and A549). The adapted virus exhibited mutations in the spike protein, including a 9 amino acid deletion and 3 amino acid changes (E484D, P812R, and Q954H). E484D also emerged in Vero E6 cultured viruses that became viable in A549 cells.
Original and adapted viruses were susceptible to SR-B1 receptor blocking and adapted-SARS2 exhibited significantly less dependency of ACE2. Both variants were similarly neutralized by COVID-19 convalescent plasma but adapted-SARS2 exhibited increased susceptibility to exogenous type I interferon. Remdesivir inhibited original- and adapted-SARS2 similarly, demonstrating the utility of the system for the screening of nucs.
Among the tested nucs, only remdesivir, molnupiravir and to a limited extent galidesivir, showed antiviral effect across human cell lines, whereas sofosbuvir, ribavirin, and favipiravir had no apparent activity. Analogously to the emergence of spike mutations in vivo, the spike protein is under intense adaptive selection pressure in cell culture. Our results indicate that the emergence of spike mutations will most likely not affect the activity of remdesivir.
Cdc42 Activation Assay |
|||
| STA-402 | Cell Biolabs | 20 assays | EUR 908.4 |
|
Description: Our Cdc42 Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of Cdc42 protein. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a Cdc42-specific antibody included in the kit. |
|||
RhoA Activation Assay |
|||
| STA-403-A | Cell Biolabs | 20 assays | EUR 908.4 |
|
Description: Our Rho Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of RhoA, RhoB or RhoC. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a RhoA-, RhoB- or RhoC-specific antibody included in the kit. |
|||
RhoB Activation Assay |
|||
| STA-403-B | Cell Biolabs | 20 assays | EUR 908.4 |
|
Description: Our Rho Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of RhoA, RhoB or RhoC. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a RhoA-, RhoB- or RhoC-specific antibody included in the kit. |
|||
RhoC Activation Assay |
|||
| STA-403-C | Cell Biolabs | 20 assays | EUR 908.4 |
|
Description: Our Rho Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of RhoA, RhoB or RhoC. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a RhoA-, RhoB- or RhoC-specific antibody included in the kit. |
|||
Arf1 Activation Assay |
|||
| STA-407-1 | Cell Biolabs | 20 assays | EUR 908.4 |
|
Description: Our Arf Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of Arf1 or Arf 6. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using an Arf1- or Arf6-specific antibody included in the kit. |
|||
Arf6 Activation Assay |
|||
| STA-407-6 | Cell Biolabs | 20 assays | EUR 908.4 |
|
Description: Our Arf Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of Arf1 or Arf 6. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using an Arf1- or Arf6-specific antibody included in the kit. |
|||
Ral Activation Assay |
|||
| STA-408 | Cell Biolabs | 20 assays | EUR 908.4 |
|
Description: Our Ral Activation Assay uses visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of Ral protein. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a Ral-specific antibody included in the kit. |
|||
Ran Activation Assay |
|||
| STA-409 | Cell Biolabs | 20 assays | EUR 908.4 |
|
Description: Our Ran Activation Assay uses visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of Ran protein. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a Ran-specific antibody included in the kit. |
|||
Pan-RAS-IN-1 |
|||
| HY-101295 | MedChemExpress | 25mg | EUR 2043.6 |
Rap1 Activation Assay Kit |
|||
| STA-406-1 | Cell Biolabs | 20 assays | EUR 908.4 |
|
Description: Our Rap Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of Rap1 or Rap2. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a Rap1- or Rap2-specific antibody included in the kit. |
|||
Rap2 Activation Assay Kit |
|||
| STA-406-2 | Cell Biolabs | 20 assays | EUR 908.4 |
|
Description: Our Rap Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of Rap1 or Rap2. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a Rap1- or Rap2-specific antibody included in the kit. |
|||
Rac1 Activation Assay Kit, Trial Size |
|||
| STA-401-1-T | Cell Biolabs | 5 assays | EUR 483.6 |
|
Description: Our Rac Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of Rac1 or Rac2. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a Rac1- or Rac2-specific antibody included in the kit. |
|||
Rac2 Activation Assay Kit, Trial Size |
|||
| STA-401-2-T | Cell Biolabs | 5 assays | EUR 483.6 |
|
Description: Our Rac Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of Rac1 or Rac2. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a Rac1- or Rac2-specific antibody included in the kit. |
|||
Cdc42 Activation Assay Kit, Trial Size |
|||
| STA-402-T | Cell Biolabs | 5 assays | EUR 483.6 |
|
Description: Our Cdc42 Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of Cdc42 protein. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a Cdc42-specific antibody included in the kit. |
|||
RhoA Activation Assay Kit, Trial Size |
|||
| STA-403-A-T | Cell Biolabs | 5 assays | EUR 483.6 |
|
Description: Our Rho Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of RhoA, RhoB or RhoC. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a RhoA-, RhoB- or RhoC-specific antibody included in the kit. |
|||
RhoB Activation Assay Kit, Trial Size |
|||
| STA-403-B-T | Cell Biolabs | 5 assays | EUR 483.6 |
|
Description: Our Rho Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of RhoA, RhoB or RhoC. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a RhoA-, RhoB- or RhoC-specific antibody included in the kit. |
|||
RhoC Activation Assay Kit, Trial Size |
|||
| STA-403-C-T | Cell Biolabs | 5 assays | EUR 483.6 |
|
Description: Our Rho Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of RhoA, RhoB or RhoC. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a RhoA-, RhoB- or RhoC-specific antibody included in the kit. |
|||
Rac1/Cdc42 Activation Assay Combo Kit |
|||
| STA-404 | Cell Biolabs | 2 x 20 assays | EUR 1305.6 |
|
Description: Our Rac1/Cdc42 Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of the small GTPase. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a specific antibody included in the kit. |
|||
Rap1 Activation Assay Kit, Trial Size |
|||
| STA-406-1-T | Cell Biolabs | 5 assays | EUR 483.6 |
|
Description: Our Rap Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of Rap1 or Rap2. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a Rap1- or Rap2-specific antibody included in the kit. |
|||
Rap2 Activation Assay Kit, Trial Size |
|||
| STA-406-2-T | Cell Biolabs | 5 assays | EUR 483.6 |
|
Description: Our Rap Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of Rap1 or Rap2. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a Rap1- or Rap2-specific antibody included in the kit. |
|||
Arf1 Activation Assay Kit, Trial Size |
|||
| STA-407-1-T | Cell Biolabs | 5 assays | EUR 483.6 |
|
Description: Our Arf Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of Arf1 or Arf 6. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using an Arf1- or Arf6-specific antibody included in the kit. |
|||
Arf6 Activation Assay Kit, Trial Size |
|||
| STA-407-6-T | Cell Biolabs | 5 assays | EUR 483.6 |
|
Description: Our Arf Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of Arf1 or Arf 6. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using an Arf1- or Arf6-specific antibody included in the kit. |
|||
Ral Activation Assay Kit, Trial Size |
|||
| STA-408-T | Cell Biolabs | 5 assays | EUR 483.6 |
|
Description: Our Ral Activation Assay uses visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of Ral protein. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a Ral-specific antibody included in the kit. |
|||
Ran Activation Assay Kit, Trial Size |
|||
| STA-409-T | Cell Biolabs | 5 assays | EUR 483.6 |
|
Description: Our Ran Activation Assay uses visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of Ran protein. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a Ran-specific antibody included in the kit. |
|||
96-Well Ras Activation ELISA Kit (Colorimetric) |
|||
| STA-440 | Cell Biolabs | 96 assays | EUR 1082.4 |
|
Description: Our 96-Well Ras Activation ELISA Kit uses the Raf1 RBD (Rho binding domain) bound to a 96-well plate to selectively pull down the active form of Ras from purified or endogenous samples. The captured GTP-Ras is then detected by a pan-Ras antibody and HRP-conjugated secondary antibody. |
|||
96-Well Ras Activation ELISA Kit (Chemiluminescent) |
|||
| STA-441 | Cell Biolabs | 96 assays | EUR 1082.4 |
|
Description: Our 96-Well Ras Activation ELISA Kit uses the Raf1 RBD (Rho binding domain) bound to a 96-well plate to selectively pull down the active form of Ras from purified or endogenous samples. The captured GTP-Ras is then detected by a pan-Ras antibody and HRP-conjugated secondary antibody. |
|||
RhoA/Rac1/CDC42 Activation Assay Combo Kit |
|||
| STA-405 | Cell Biolabs | 3 x 10 assays | EUR 1305.6 |
|
Description: Our RhoA/Rac1/Cdc42 Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of the small GTPase. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a specific antibody included in the kit. |
|||
Pan-PAX (Pan-PAX) Antibody |
|||
| abx236136-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 577.2 |
Rabbit Anti-Mouse IgG, Antisera (Bulk) |
|||
| 44319-RAS-BLK | Alpha Diagnostics | 1-10L, bulk | Ask for price |
Rabbit Anti-Goat IgG, Antisera (Bulk) |
|||
| 60319-RAS-BLK | Alpha Diagnostics | 1-10L, bulk | Ask for price |
Rabbit Anti-Human IgG, Antisera (Bulk) |
|||
| 10119-RAS-BLK | Alpha Diagnostics | 1-10L, bulk | Ask for price |
Rabbit Anti-Llama IgG (H+L chain), Antisera (Bulk) |
|||
| 30818-RAS-BLK | Alpha Diagnostics | 1-10L, bulk | Ask for price |
Ras Antibody |
|||
| 48578-100ul | SAB | 100ul | EUR 399.6 |
Ras Antibody |
|||
| 48578-50ul | SAB | 50ul | EUR 286.8 |
Ras Antibody |
|||
| 48602-100ul | SAB | 100ul | EUR 399.6 |
Ras Antibody |
|||
| 48602-50ul | SAB | 50ul | EUR 286.8 |
Ras Antibody |
|||
| 49408-100ul | SAB | 100ul | EUR 399.6 |
Ras Antibody |
|||
| 49408-50ul | SAB | 50ul | EUR 286.8 |
RAS Antibody |
|||
| 31153-100ul | SAB | 100ul | EUR 302.4 |
RAS Antibody |
|||
| 31153-50ul | SAB | 50ul | EUR 224.4 |
RAS antibody |
|||
| 10R-1779 | Fitzgerald | 100 ul | EUR 418.8 |
|
Description: Mouse monoclonal RAS antibody |
|||
Cytokeratin, pan (Epithelial Marker); Clone PAN-CK (Concentrate) |
|||
| RA0430-C.5 | ScyTek Laboratories | 0.5 ml | EUR 360 |
LDH Pan antibody |
|||
| 10-1335 | Fitzgerald | 1 mg | EUR 310.8 |
|
Description: Mouse monoclonal LDH Pan antibody |
|||
LDH Pan antibody |
|||
| 10-1336 | Fitzgerald | 1 mg | EUR 310.8 |
|
Description: Mouse monoclonal LDH Pan antibody |
|||
SSX pan antibody |
|||
| 70R-50426 | Fitzgerald | 100 ul | EUR 292.8 |
|
Description: Purified Polyclonal SSX pan antibody |
|||
FOXO1 pan antibody |
|||
| 70R-37057 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 392.4 |
|
Description: Rabbit Polyclonal FOXO1 pan antibody |
|||
PKC pan antibody |
|||
| 70R-33408 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 392.4 |
|
Description: Rabbit polyclonal PKC pan antibody |
|||
NBPF pan antibody |
|||
| 70R-51031 | Fitzgerald | 100 ul | EUR 292.8 |
|
Description: Purified Polyclonal NBPF pan antibody |
|||
Synuclein pan antibody |
|||
| 70R-30766 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 392.4 |
|
Description: Rabbit polyclonal Synuclein pan antibody |
|||
Actin pan antibody |
|||
| 70R-31095 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 392.4 |
|
Description: Rabbit polyclonal Actin pan antibody |
|||
pan-AKT antibody |
|||
| 38602-100ul | SAB | 100ul | EUR 302.4 |
Pan-Cadherin Antibody |
|||
| 48907-100ul | SAB | 100ul | EUR 399.6 |
Pan-Cadherin Antibody |
|||
| 48907-50ul | SAB | 50ul | EUR 286.8 |
pan Cadherin Antibody |
|||
| 45029-100ul | SAB | 100ul | EUR 302.4 |
pan Cadherin Antibody |
|||
| 45029-50ul | SAB | 50ul | EUR 224.4 |
pan Cadherin Antibody |
|||
| 45052-100ul | SAB | 100ul | EUR 302.4 |
pan Cadherin Antibody |
|||
| 45052-50ul | SAB | 50ul | EUR 224.4 |
pan-AKT Antibody |
|||
| 36716-100ul | SAB | 100ul | EUR 302.4 |
pan CDH Antibody |
|||
| 37301-100ul | SAB | 100ul | EUR 302.4 |
Keratin pan antibody |
|||
| 20R-2530 | Fitzgerald | 250 uL | EUR 612 |
|
Description: Rabbit polyclonal Keratin pan antibody |
|||
Synuclein-pan Antibody |
|||
| 33495-100ul | SAB | 100ul | EUR 302.4 |
Synuclein-pan Antibody |
|||
| 33495-50ul | SAB | 50ul | EUR 224.4 |
Actin-pan Antibody |
|||
| 33321-100ul | SAB | 100ul | EUR 302.4 |
Actin-pan Antibody |
|||
| 33321-50ul | SAB | 50ul | EUR 224.4 |
pan Endothelium antibody |
|||
| 10R-6386 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 340.8 |
|
Description: Mouse monoclonal pan Endothelium antibody |
|||
pan Cadherin antibody |
|||
| 10R-7890 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 386.4 |
|
Description: Mouse monoclonal pan Cadherin antibody |
|||
Actin-pan antibody |
|||
| 10R-A106a | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 663.6 |
|
Description: Mouse monoclonal Actin-pan antibody |
|||
pan Cytokeratin antibody |
|||
| 10R-2060 | Fitzgerald | 100 ul | EUR 483.6 |
|
Description: Mouse monoclonal pan Cytokeratin antibody |
|||
Cytokeratin Pan antibody |
|||
| 10R-2096 | Fitzgerald | 100 ul | EUR 483.6 |
|
Description: Mouse monoclonal Cytokeratin Pan antibody |
|||
pan Keratin antibody |
|||
| 10R-2442 | Fitzgerald | 50 ug | EUR 486 |
|
Description: Mouse monoclonal pan Keratin antibody |
|||
pan-Cytokeratin antibody |
|||
| 23032-100ul | SAB | 100ul | EUR 468 |
pan Cadherin Antibody |
|||
| 20-abx149140 | Abbexa |
|
|
pan-AKT Antibody |
|||
| 20-abx002260 | Abbexa |
|
|
NBPF-pan Antibody |
|||
| 20-abx008107 | Abbexa |
|
|
SSX-pan Antibody |
|||
| 20-abx008681 | Abbexa |
|
|
Pan-AKT Antibody |
|||
| 20-abx125375 | Abbexa |
|
|
Actin-pan Antibody |
|||
| 20-abx013019 | Abbexa |
|
|
Synuclein-pan Antibody |
|||
| 20-abx013202 | Abbexa |
|
|
Pan pLDH Antibody |
|||
| abx023860-1mg | Abbexa | 1 mg | EUR 410.4 |
Pan pLDH Antibody |
|||
| abx023861-1mg | Abbexa | 1 mg | EUR 410.4 |
Pan SUMO Antibody |
|||
| abx027085-400ul | Abbexa | 400 ul | EUR 627.6 |
Pan SUMO Antibody |
|||
| abx027085-80l | Abbexa | 80 µl | EUR 343.2 |
Pan SUMO Antibody |
|||
| abx027140-400ul | Abbexa | 400 ul | EUR 627.6 |
Pan SUMO Antibody |
|||
| abx027140-80l | Abbexa | 80 µl | EUR 343.2 |
Actin- pan Antibody |
|||
| ABF0115 | Lifescience Market | 100 ug | EUR 525.6 |
Actin- pan Antibody |
|||
| ABF5288 | Lifescience Market | 100 ug | EUR 525.6 |
PKC- pan Antibody |
|||
| ABF6197 | Lifescience Market | 100 ug | EUR 525.6 |
pan Cadherin Antibody |
|||
| ABD2942 | Lifescience Market | 100 ug | EUR 525.6 |
pan- AKT Antibody |
|||
| ABD7208 | Lifescience Market | 100 ug | EUR 525.6 |
pan Cadherin Antibody |
|||
| ABD7514 | Lifescience Market | 100 ug | EUR 525.6 |
Pan myristoylation Antibody |
|||
| 20-abx322788 | Abbexa |
|
|
Pan myristoylation Antibody |
|||
| 20-abx322789 | Abbexa |
|
|
pan Cadherin Antibody |
|||
| abx217630-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 526.8 |
Pan Ubiquitin Antibody |
|||
| abx415347-50ug | Abbexa | 50 ug | EUR 678 |
pan ADH Antibody |
|||
| abx433090-200ul | Abbexa | 200 ul | EUR 460.8 |
SHANK (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx440129-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 693.6 |
SAPAP (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx440140-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 693.6 |
SHANK (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx442377-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 693.6 |
SAPAP (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx442388-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 693.6 |
Ankyrin (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx442494-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 693.6 |
SHANK (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx442658-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 693.6 |
SAPAP (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx442669-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 693.6 |
Ankyrin (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx442775-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 693.6 |
SHANK (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx442938-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 693.6 |
SAPAP (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx442949-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 693.6 |
Ankyrin (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx443055-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 693.6 |
SHANK (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx443218-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 678 |
SAPAP (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx443229-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 678 |
Ankyrin (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx443335-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 678 |
SHANK (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx443499-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 678 |
SAPAP (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx443510-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 678 |
Ankyrin (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx443616-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 678 |
SHANK (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx443780-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 710.4 |
SAPAP (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx443791-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 710.4 |
Ankyrin (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx443897-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 710.4 |
SHANK (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx444061-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 693.6 |
SAPAP (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx444072-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 693.6 |
Ankyrin (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx444178-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 693.6 |
SHANK (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx444342-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 693.6 |
SAPAP (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx444353-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 693.6 |
Ankyrin (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx444459-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 693.6 |
SHANK (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx444623-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 693.6 |
SAPAP (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx444634-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 693.6 |
Ankyrin (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx444740-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 693.6 |
SHANK (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx444980-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 627.6 |
SAPAP (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx444991-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 627.6 |
GRK (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx445060-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 627.6 |
QKI (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx445076-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 627.6 |
Ankyrin (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx445097-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 627.6 |
SHANK (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx440410-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 693.6 |
SAPAP (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx440421-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 693.6 |
Ankyrin (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx440527-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 693.6 |
SHANK (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx440691-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 693.6 |
SAPAP (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx440702-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 693.6 |
Ankyrin (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx440808-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 693.6 |
SHANK (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx440972-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 693.6 |
SAPAP (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx440983-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 693.6 |
Ankyrin (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx441089-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 693.6 |
SHANK (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx441253-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 693.6 |
SAPAP (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx441264-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 693.6 |
Ankyrin (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx441370-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 693.6 |
SHANK (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx441534-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 693.6 |
SAPAP (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx441545-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 693.6 |
Ankyrin (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx441651-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 693.6 |
SHANK (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx441815-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 693.6 |
SAPAP (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx441826-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 693.6 |
Ankyrin (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx441932-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 693.6 |
SHANK (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx442096-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 693.6 |
SAPAP (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx442107-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 693.6 |
Ankyrin (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx442213-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 693.6 |
Ankyrin (pan) Antibody |
|||
| abx440246-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 693.6 |
Melanoma; Pan (Concentrate) |
|||
| A00134-C | ScyTek Laboratories | 1 ml | EUR 811.2 |
Melanoma; Pan (Concentrate) |
|||
| A00134-C.1 | ScyTek Laboratories | 0.1 ml | EUR 165.6 |
Pan myristoylation Antibody |
|||
| 1-CSB-PA465729 | Cusabio |
|
|
|
Description: A polyclonal antibody against Pan myristoylation. Recognizes Pan myristoylation from ALL. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: WB, ELISA;WB:1:500-10000, ELISA:1:10000 |
|||
Pan myristoylation Antibody |
|||
| 1-CSB-PA885152 | Cusabio |
|
|
|
Description: A polyclonal antibody against Pan myristoylation. Recognizes Pan myristoylation from ALL. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: WB, ELISA;WB:1:500-10000, ELISA:1:10000 |
|||
pan Cadherin Antibody |
|||
| DF2942 | Affbiotech | 200ul | EUR 420 |
PKC-pan Antibody |
|||
| AF6197 | Affbiotech | 200ul | EUR 420 |
pan Actin Antibody |
|||
| AF0115 | Affbiotech | 200ul | EUR 420 |
pan Akt/KinaseB |
|||
| MO15107 | Neuromics | 100 ug | EUR 522 |
NMDA NR1 Pan |
|||
| MO25041 | Neuromics | 15 ug | EUR 710.4 |
Pan Keratin antibody |
|||
| PAab09935 | Lifescience Market | 100 ug | EUR 463.2 |
anti-pan-Synuclein |
|||
| LF-PA0194 | Abfrontier | 100 ul | EUR 400.8 |
|
Description: Rabbit polyclonal to pan-Synuclein |
|||
PAN Indicator 0.1% |
|||
| PAN0125 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 125ML | EUR 23.94 |
pan-Cadherin Antibody |
|||
| R30069 | NSJ Bioreagents | 100 ug | EUR 419 |
H3 Pan Antibody |
|||
| 6806-50 | Biovision | each | EUR 379.2 |
Macrophage Antibody (pan) |
|||
| V3066-100UG | NSJ Bioreagents | 100 ug | EUR 499 |
|
Description: This mAb stains the cytoplasm of macrophages and histiocytes in hematopoietic organs, Kupffer s cells of the liver and Langerhan s cells of the skin. Macrophages comprise of many forms of mononuclear phagocytes found in tissues. Mononuclear phagocytes arise from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. After passing through the monoblast and pro-monocyte states of the monocyte stage, they enter the blood, where they circulate for about 40 hours. They then enter tissues and increase in size, phagocytic activity, and lysosomal enzyme content becoming macrophages. Among the functions of macrophages are nonspecific phagocytosis and pinocytosis, specific phagocytosis of opsonized microorganisms mediated by Fc receptors and complement receptors, killing of ingested microorganisms, digestion and presentation of antigens to T and B lymphocytes, and secretion of a large number of diverse products, including many enzymes including lysozyme and collagenases, several complement components and coagulation factors, some prostaglandins and leukotrienes, and many regulatory molecules (Interferon, Interleukin 1). LN-5 selectively stains human sebaceous glands in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded skin samples. Undifferentiated sebocyte progenitors are negative, and only sebocytes from the onset of their differentiation reveal positive cytoplasmic staining. Since there are very few selective and easy-to-use markers of sebaceous glands, LN-5 antibody can offer a simple and relatively specific way to detect human sebocytes from the onset of their. |
|||
Macrophage Antibody (pan) |
|||
| V3066-20UG | NSJ Bioreagents | 20 ug | EUR 219 |
|
Description: This mAb stains the cytoplasm of macrophages and histiocytes in hematopoietic organs, Kupffer s cells of the liver and Langerhan s cells of the skin. Macrophages comprise of many forms of mononuclear phagocytes found in tissues. Mononuclear phagocytes arise from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. After passing through the monoblast and pro-monocyte states of the monocyte stage, they enter the blood, where they circulate for about 40 hours. They then enter tissues and increase in size, phagocytic activity, and lysosomal enzyme content becoming macrophages. Among the functions of macrophages are nonspecific phagocytosis and pinocytosis, specific phagocytosis of opsonized microorganisms mediated by Fc receptors and complement receptors, killing of ingested microorganisms, digestion and presentation of antigens to T and B lymphocytes, and secretion of a large number of diverse products, including many enzymes including lysozyme and collagenases, several complement components and coagulation factors, some prostaglandins and leukotrienes, and many regulatory molecules (Interferon, Interleukin 1). LN-5 selectively stains human sebaceous glands in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded skin samples. Undifferentiated sebocyte progenitors are negative, and only sebocytes from the onset of their differentiation reveal positive cytoplasmic staining. Since there are very few selective and easy-to-use markers of sebaceous glands, LN-5 antibody can offer a simple and relatively specific way to detect human sebocytes from the onset of their. |
|||
Macrophage Antibody (pan) |
|||
| V3066SAF-100UG | NSJ Bioreagents | 100 ug | EUR 499 |
|
Description: This mAb stains the cytoplasm of macrophages and histiocytes in hematopoietic organs, Kupffer s cells of the liver and Langerhan s cells of the skin. Macrophages comprise of many forms of mononuclear phagocytes found in tissues. Mononuclear phagocytes arise from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. After passing through the monoblast and pro-monocyte states of the monocyte stage, they enter the blood, where they circulate for about 40 hours. They then enter tissues and increase in size, phagocytic activity, and lysosomal enzyme content becoming macrophages. Among the functions of macrophages are nonspecific phagocytosis and pinocytosis, specific phagocytosis of opsonized microorganisms mediated by Fc receptors and complement receptors, killing of ingested microorganisms, digestion and presentation of antigens to T and B lymphocytes, and secretion of a large number of diverse products, including many enzymes including lysozyme and collagenases, several complement components and coagulation factors, some prostaglandins and leukotrienes, and many regulatory molecules (Interferon, Interleukin 1). LN-5 selectively stains human sebaceous glands in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded skin samples. Undifferentiated sebocyte progenitors are negative, and only sebocytes from the onset of their differentiation reveal positive cytoplasmic staining. Since there are very few selective and easy-to-use markers of sebaceous glands, LN-5 antibody can offer a simple and relatively specific way to detect human sebocytes from the onset of their. |
|||
Ras-Related Protein R-Ras (RRAS) Antibody |
|||
| 20-abx123552 | Abbexa |
|
|
Ras-Related Protein M-Ras (MRAS) Antibody |
|||
| 20-abx113895 | Abbexa |
|
|
Ras-Related Protein R-Ras (RRAS) Antibody |
|||
| abx026316-400ul | Abbexa | 400 ul | EUR 627.6 |
Ras-Related Protein R-Ras (RRAS) Antibody |
|||
| abx026316-80l | Abbexa | 80 µl | EUR 343.2 |
Ras-related protein R-Ras (RRAS) Antibody |
|||
| 20-abx241995 | Abbexa |
|
|
Ras-Related Protein R-Ras (RRAS) Protein |
|||
| 20-abx262883 | Abbexa |
|
|
Ras-related protein R-Ras (RRAS) Antibody |
|||
| 20-abx214133 | Abbexa |
|
|
Ras-Related Protein R-Ras (RRAS) Antibody |
|||
| abx237489-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 610.8 |
Human H-ras(H-ras)ELISA Kit |
|||
| YLA0239HU-48T | Shanghai YL Biotech | 48T | EUR 435 |
Human H-ras(H-ras)ELISA Kit |
|||
| YLA0239HU-96T | Shanghai YL Biotech | 96T | EUR 562.5 |
Related Ras Viral (R-Ras) Oncogene Homolog Antibody |
|||
| 20-abx115121 | Abbexa |
|
|
R Ras antibody |
|||
| 10R-8533 | Fitzgerald | 100 ul | EUR 471.6 |
|
Description: Mouse monoclonal R Ras antibody |
|||
k-ras Antibody |
|||
| 39351-100ul | SAB | 100ul | EUR 468 |
Ras-GRF1 Antibody |
|||
| 33147-100ul | SAB | 100ul | EUR 302.4 |
Ras-GRF1 Antibody |
|||
| 33147-50ul | SAB | 50ul | EUR 224.4 |
H-Ras antibody |
|||
| 22615-100ul | SAB | 100ul | EUR 468 |
KappaB ras Antibody |
|||
| 24150-100ul | SAB | 100ul | EUR 468 |
KappaB ras Antibody |
|||
| 2491-002mg | ProSci | 0.02 mg | EUR 206.18 |
|
Description: KappaB ras Antibody: KappaB ras-1 (κB-ras-1) and kappaB-ras-2 are two small proteins that similar to Ras-like small GTPases that associate with IκB (IκB), an inhibitor of the transcription factor NF-κB. IκB exists in two homologous forms, IκB-alpha and IκB-beta, although IκB-beta contains a unique 47-amino acid region within its ankyrin domain. While inactive IκB-alpha-NF-κB complexes can shuttle in and out of the nucleus, IκB-beta-NF-κB complexes are retained exclusively in the cytoplasm. It is suggested that kappaB-ras proteins preferentially bind to the IκB-beta form through this unique insert within the ankyrin region, thus modulating the cellular location of IκB-beta and regulating the rate of degradation of IκB-beta. This antibody detects both kappaB-ras1 and kappaB-ras2. |
|||
KappaB ras Antibody |
|||
| 2491-01mg | ProSci | 0.1 mg | EUR 523.7 |
|
Description: KappaB ras Antibody: KappaB ras-1 (κB-ras-1) and kappaB-ras-2 are two small proteins that similar to Ras-like small GTPases that associate with IκB (IκB), an inhibitor of the transcription factor NF-κB. IκB exists in two homologous forms, IκB-alpha and IκB-beta, although IκB-beta contains a unique 47-amino acid region within its ankyrin domain. While inactive IκB-alpha-NF-κB complexes can shuttle in and out of the nucleus, IκB-beta-NF-κB complexes are retained exclusively in the cytoplasm. It is suggested that kappaB-ras proteins preferentially bind to the IκB-beta form through this unique insert within the ankyrin region, thus modulating the cellular location of IκB-beta and regulating the rate of degradation of IκB-beta. This antibody detects both kappaB-ras1 and kappaB-ras2. |
|||
KappaB ras Peptide |
|||
| 2491P | ProSci | 0.05 mg | EUR 197.7 |
|
Description: (IN) KappaB ras peptide |
|||
H-Ras Antibody |
|||
| abx140239-01mg | Abbexa | 0.1 mg | EUR 460.8 |
H-Ras Antibody |
|||
| 20-abx141439 | Abbexa |
|
|
In vitro differentiatie van menselijke pluripotente stamcellen in de B-lijn met behulp van OP9-MS5 co-cultuur
In vitro differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offers a genetically tractable system to examine the physiology and pathology of human tissue development and differentiation. We have used this approach to model the earliest stages of human B lineage development and characterize potential target cells for the in utero initiation of childhood B acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Herein, we detail critical aspects of the protocol including reagent validation, controls, and examples of surface markers used for analysis and cell sorting. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Boiers et al. (2018).
Differentiatie van door de mens geïnduceerde pluripotente stamcellen tot definitief endoderm met behulp van een eenvoudig dialysecultuurapparaat
Therapeutic use of differentiated organ cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is one of the promising strategies for regenerative medicine. Differentiation into definitive endoderm is an essential process in the preparation of metabolic organs. However, the manufacturability of differentiation is limited due to the high-cost cytokines required for the differentiation of endodermal lineage.
Furthermore, the cytokines remaining in the used culture medium and possible endogenous factors are removed along with toxic metabolites by the medium replacement. To address these problems, the application of dialysis culture can retain and fully utilize their accumulation to create a better culture environment that contributes to differentiation cost reduction.
The control of glycosylation profiles is essential to the consistent manufacture of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies that may be produced from a variety of cell lines including CHO and NS0. Of particular concern is the potential for generating non-human epitopes such as N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) and Galα1-3 Gal that may be immunogenic. We have looked at the effects of a commonly used media supplements of manganese, galactose and uridine (MGU) on Mab production from CHO and NS0 cells in enhancing galactosylation and sialylation as well as the generation of these non-human glycan epitopes.
In the absence of the MGU supplement, the humanized IgG1 antibody (Hu1D10) produced from NS0 cells showed a low level of mono- and disialylated structures (SI:0.09) of which 75% of sialic acid was Neu5Gc. The chimeric human-llama Mab (EG2-hFc) produced from CHO cells showed an equally low level of sialylation (SI: 0.12) but the Neu5Gc content of sialic acid was negligible (<3%). Combinations of the MGU supplements added to the production cultures resulted in a substantial increase in the galactosylation of both Mabs (up to GI:0.78 in Hu1D10 and 0.81 in EG2-hFc).
However, the effects on sialylation differed between the two Mabs. We observed a slight increase in sialylation of the EG2-hFc Mab by a combination of MG but it appeared that one of the components (uridine) was inhibitory to sialylation.
On the other hand, MG or MGU increased sialylation of Hu1D10 substantially (SI:0.72) with an increase that could be attributed predominantly to the formation of Neu5Ac rather than Neu5Gc. The increased level of galactosylation observed with MG or MGU was attributed to an activation of the galactosyl transferase enzymes through enhanced intracellular levels of UDP-Gal and the availability of Mn2+ as an enzymic co-factor.
However, this effect not only increased the desirable beta 1-4 Gal linkage to GlcNAc but unfortunately in NS0 cells increased the formation of Galα1-3 Gal which was shown to increase x3 in the presence of combinations of the MGU supplements. Supplementation of media with fetal bovine serum (FBS) increased the availability of free Neu5Ac which resulted in a significant increase in the sialylation of Hu1D10 from NS0 cells. This also resulted in a significant decrease in the proportion of Neu5Gc in the measured sialic acid from the Mab.