3D-cultuurmodellen als drugtestplatforms bij hondenlymfoom en hun overspraak met lymfeklier-afgeleide stromacellen
Background: Malignant lymphoma is the most common hematopoietic malignancy in dogs, and relapse is frequently seen despite aggressive initial treatment. In order for the treatment of these recurrent lymphomas in dogs to be effective, it is important to choose a personalized and sensitive anticancer agent. To provide a reliable tool for drug development and for personalized cancer therapy, it is critical to maintain key characteristics of the original tumor.
Objectives: In this study, we established a model of hybrid tumor/stromal spheroids and investigated the association between canine lymphoma cell line (GL-1) and canine lymph node (LN)-derived stromal cells (SCs).
Methods: A hybrid spheroid model consisting of GL-1 cells and LN-derived SC was created using ultra low attachment plate. The relationship between SCs and tumor cells (TCs) was investigated using a coculture system.
Results: TCs cocultured with SCs were found to have significantly upregulated multidrug resistance genes, such as P-qp, MRP1, and BCRP, compared with TC monocultures. Additionally, it was revealed that coculture with SCs reduced doxorubicin-induced apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest of GL-1 cells.
Conclusions: SCs upregulated multidrug resistance genes in TCs and influenced apoptosis and the cell cycle of TCs in the presence of anticancer drugs. This study revealed that understanding the interaction between the tumor microenvironment and TCs is essential in designing experimental approaches to personalized medicine and to predict the effect of drugs.
Keywords: Canine lymphoma; drug resistance; lymph node-derived stromal cell; personalized cancer therapy; tumor microenvironment.
Het overwinnen van kweekbeperking voor SARS-CoV-2 in menselijke cellen vergemakkelijkt het screenen van verbindingen die virale replicatie remmen
Efforts to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic include screening of existing antiviral molecules that could be re-purposed to treat SARS-CoV-2 infections. Although SARS-CoV-2 replicates and propagates efficiently in African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells, antivirals such as nucleos(t)ide analogs (nucs) often show decreased activity in these cells due to inefficient metabolization. SARS-CoV-2 exhibits low viability in human cells in culture.
Here, serial passages of a SARS-CoV-2 isolate (original-SARS2) in the human hepatoma cell clone Huh7.5 led to the selection of a variant (adapted-SARS2) with significantly improved infectivity in human liver (Huh7 and Huh7.5) and lung cancer cells (unmodified Calu-1 and A549). The adapted virus exhibited mutations in the spike protein, including a 9 amino acid deletion and 3 amino acid changes (E484D, P812R, and Q954H). E484D also emerged in Vero E6 cultured viruses that became viable in A549 cells.
Original and adapted viruses were susceptible to SR-B1 receptor blocking and adapted-SARS2 exhibited significantly less dependency of ACE2. Both variants were similarly neutralized by COVID-19 convalescent plasma but adapted-SARS2 exhibited increased susceptibility to exogenous type I interferon. Remdesivir inhibited original- and adapted-SARS2 similarly, demonstrating the utility of the system for the screening of nucs.
Among the tested nucs, only remdesivir, molnupiravir and to a limited extent galidesivir, showed antiviral effect across human cell lines, whereas sofosbuvir, ribavirin, and favipiravir had no apparent activity. Analogously to the emergence of spike mutations in vivo, the spike protein is under intense adaptive selection pressure in cell culture. Our results indicate that the emergence of spike mutations will most likely not affect the activity of remdesivir.
K-Ras Activation Assay Kit, Trial Size |
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| STA-400-K-T | Cell Biolabs | 5 assays | EUR 483.6 |
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Description: Our Ras Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of specific Ras protein of interest. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a target-specific antibody included in the kit. Assays are available to detect specific isoforms H-Ras, K-Ras, and N-Ras, as well as a Pan-Ras assay that detects all three isoforms. |
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N-Ras Activation Assay Kit, Trial Size |
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| STA-400-N-T | Cell Biolabs | 5 assays | EUR 483.6 |
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Description: Our Ras Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of specific Ras protein of interest. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a target-specific antibody included in the kit. Assays are available to detect specific isoforms H-Ras, K-Ras, and N-Ras, as well as a Pan-Ras assay that detects all three isoforms. |
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Ral Activation Assay |
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| STA-408 | Cell Biolabs | 20 assays | EUR 908.4 |
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Description: Our Ral Activation Assay uses visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of Ral protein. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a Ral-specific antibody included in the kit. |
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Ran Activation Assay |
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| STA-409 | Cell Biolabs | 20 assays | EUR 908.4 |
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Description: Our Ran Activation Assay uses visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of Ran protein. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a Ran-specific antibody included in the kit. |
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Rac1 Activation Assay |
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| STA-401-1 | Cell Biolabs | 20 assays | EUR 665 |
Rac2 Activation Assay |
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| STA-401-2 | Cell Biolabs | 20 assays | EUR 665 |
RhoA Activation Assay |
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| STA-403-A | Cell Biolabs | 20 assays | EUR 665 |
RhoB Activation Assay |
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| STA-403-B | Cell Biolabs | 20 assays | EUR 908.4 |
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Description: Our Rho Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of RhoA, RhoB or RhoC. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a RhoA-, RhoB- or RhoC-specific antibody included in the kit. |
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RhoC Activation Assay |
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| STA-403-C | Cell Biolabs | 20 assays | EUR 908.4 |
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Description: Our Rho Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of RhoA, RhoB or RhoC. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a RhoA-, RhoB- or RhoC-specific antibody included in the kit. |
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Arf1 Activation Assay |
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| STA-407-1 | Cell Biolabs | 20 assays | EUR 665 |
Arf6 Activation Assay |
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| STA-407-6 | Cell Biolabs | 20 assays | EUR 908.4 |
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Description: Our Arf Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of Arf1 or Arf 6. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using an Arf1- or Arf6-specific antibody included in the kit. |
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RhoA Activation Assay |
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| MBS169193-INQUIRE | MyBiosource | INQUIRE | Ask for price |
Cdc42 Activation Assay |
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| STA-402 | Cell Biolabs | 20 assays | EUR 665 |
Cdc42 Activation Assay |
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| MBS168387-20Assays | MyBiosource | 20Assays | EUR 875 |
Cdc42 Activation Assay |
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| MBS168387-5x20Assays | MyBiosource | 5x20Assays | EUR 4030 |
Rap1 Activation Assay Kit |
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| STA-406-1 | Cell Biolabs | 20 assays | EUR 665 |
Rap2 Activation Assay Kit |
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| STA-406-2 | Cell Biolabs | 20 assays | EUR 908.4 |
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Description: Our Rap Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of Rap1 or Rap2. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a Rap1- or Rap2-specific antibody included in the kit. |
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RalA Activation Assay Biochem Kit |
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| BK040 | Cytoskeleton | KIT 50 assays | Ask for price |
Arf1 Pulldown Activation Assay Kit |
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| BK032-S | Cytoskeleton | KIT 20 assays | EUR 540.8 |
Arf6 Pulldown Activation Assay Kit |
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| BK033-S | Cytoskeleton | KIT 20 assays | EUR 540.8 |
Rac1 Pulldown Activation Assay Kit |
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| BK035 | Cytoskeleton | KIT 50 assays | EUR 890.24 |
Rac1 Pulldown Activation Assay Kit |
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| BK035-S | Cytoskeleton | KIT 20 assays | EUR 409.76 |
RhoA Pulldown Activation Assay Kit |
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| BK036 | Cytoskeleton | KIT 80 assays | EUR 890.24 |
RhoA Pulldown Activation Assay Kit |
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| BK036-S | Cytoskeleton | KIT 20 assays | EUR 409.76 |
Cdc42 Pulldown Activation Assay Kit |
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| BK034 | Cytoskeleton | KIT 50 assays | EUR 890.24 |
Cdc42 Pulldown Activation Assay Kit |
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| BK034-S | Cytoskeleton | KIT 20 assays | EUR 409.76 |
Rac1 G-LISA Activation Assay Kit |
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| BK126 | Cytoskeleton | KIT 96 assays | EUR 1036.88 |
Ral Activation Assay Kit, Trial Size |
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| STA-408-T | Cell Biolabs | 5 assays | EUR 483.6 |
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Description: Our Ral Activation Assay uses visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of Ral protein. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a Ral-specific antibody included in the kit. |
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Ran Activation Assay Kit, Trial Size |
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| STA-409-T | Cell Biolabs | 5 assays | EUR 483.6 |
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Description: Our Ran Activation Assay uses visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of Ran protein. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a Ran-specific antibody included in the kit. |
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Rac1 Activation Assay Kit, Trial Size |
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| STA-401-1-T | Cell Biolabs | 5 assays | EUR 483.6 |
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Description: Our Rac Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of Rac1 or Rac2. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a Rac1- or Rac2-specific antibody included in the kit. |
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Rac2 Activation Assay Kit, Trial Size |
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| STA-401-2-T | Cell Biolabs | 5 assays | EUR 483.6 |
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Description: Our Rac Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of Rac1 or Rac2. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a Rac1- or Rac2-specific antibody included in the kit. |
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RhoA Activation Assay Kit, Trial Size |
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| STA-403-A-T | Cell Biolabs | 5 assays | EUR 483.6 |
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Description: Our Rho Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of RhoA, RhoB or RhoC. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a RhoA-, RhoB- or RhoC-specific antibody included in the kit. |
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RhoB Activation Assay Kit, Trial Size |
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| STA-403-B-T | Cell Biolabs | 5 assays | EUR 483.6 |
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Description: Our Rho Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of RhoA, RhoB or RhoC. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a RhoA-, RhoB- or RhoC-specific antibody included in the kit. |
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RhoC Activation Assay Kit, Trial Size |
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| STA-403-C-T | Cell Biolabs | 5 assays | EUR 483.6 |
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Description: Our Rho Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of RhoA, RhoB or RhoC. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a RhoA-, RhoB- or RhoC-specific antibody included in the kit. |
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Rap1 Activation Assay Kit, Trial Size |
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| STA-406-1-T | Cell Biolabs | 5 assays | EUR 483.6 |
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Description: Our Rap Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of Rap1 or Rap2. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a Rap1- or Rap2-specific antibody included in the kit. |
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Rap2 Activation Assay Kit, Trial Size |
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| STA-406-2-T | Cell Biolabs | 5 assays | EUR 483.6 |
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Description: Our Rap Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of Rap1 or Rap2. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a Rap1- or Rap2-specific antibody included in the kit. |
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Arf1 Activation Assay Kit, Trial Size |
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| STA-407-1-T | Cell Biolabs | 5 assays | EUR 483.6 |
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Description: Our Arf Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of Arf1 or Arf 6. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using an Arf1- or Arf6-specific antibody included in the kit. |
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Arf6 Activation Assay Kit, Trial Size |
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| STA-407-6-T | Cell Biolabs | 5 assays | EUR 483.6 |
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Description: Our Arf Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of Arf1 or Arf 6. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using an Arf1- or Arf6-specific antibody included in the kit. |
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Cdc42 Activation Assay Kit, Trial Size |
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| STA-402-T | Cell Biolabs | 5 assays | EUR 483.6 |
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Description: Our Cdc42 Activation Assays use visible agarose beads to selectively precipitate the active form of Cdc42 protein. The precipitated small GTPase is then detected by Western blot using a Cdc42-specific antibody included in the kit. |
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Rac1/Cdc42 Activation Assay Combo Kit |
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| STA-404 | Cell Biolabs | 2 x 20 assays | EUR 975 |
Rac1/Cdc42 Activation Assay Combo Kit |
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| MBS168431-2x20Assays | MyBiosource | 2x20Assays | EUR 1230 |
RhoA G-LISA Activation Assay (luminescence) |
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| BK121 | Cytoskeleton | KIT 96 assays | EUR 1036.88 |
RhoA G-LISA Activation Assay (colorimetric) |
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| BK124 | Cytoskeleton | KIT 96 assays | EUR 1036.88 |
RhoA G-LISA Activation Assay (colorimetric) |
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| BK124-S | Cytoskeleton | KIT 24 assays | EUR 626.08 |
RhoA G-LISA Activation Assay (colorimetric) |
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| BK124-XL | Cytoskeleton | Large Quantities | Ask for price |
Combo RhoA/Rac1/Cdc42 Activation Assay Kit |
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| BK030 | Cytoskeleton | KIT 3 x 10 assays | EUR 1098.24 |
RhoA/Rac1/CDC42 Activation Assay Combo Kit |
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| STA-405 | Cell Biolabs | 3 x 10 assays | EUR 975 |
RhoA/Rac1/CDC42 Activation Assay Combo Kit |
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| MBS168321-INQUIRE | MyBiosource | INQUIRE | Ask for price |
Rac1,2,3 G-LISA Activation Assay Kit (colorimetric) |
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| BK125 | Cytoskeleton | KIT 96 assays | EUR 1036.88 |
Rac1 G-LISA Activation Assay Kit (colorimetric) |
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| BK128 | Cytoskeleton | KIT 96 assays | EUR 1036.88 |
Rac1 G-LISA Activation Assay Kit (colorimetric) |
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| BK128-S | Cytoskeleton | KIT 24 assays | EUR 626.08 |
RalA G-LISA Activation Assay Kit (colorimetric) |
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| BK129 | Cytoskeleton | KIT 96 assays | EUR 1036.88 |
Cdc42 G-LISA Activation Assay Kit (colorimetric) |
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| BK127 | Cytoskeleton | KIT 96 assays | EUR 1036.88 |
Cdc42 G-LISA Activation Assay Kit (colorimetric) |
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| BK127-S | Cytoskeleton | KIT 24 assays | EUR 626.08 |
GAL4 Activation Domain Antibody |
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| C47501-100ul | Assay Biotech | 100μl | EUR 217 |
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Description: GAL4 Activation Domain Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody |
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GAL4 Activation Domain Antibody |
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| C47501-50ul | Assay Biotech | 50μl | EUR 143.5 |
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Description: GAL4 Activation Domain Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody |
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Glutathione Reductase Activation Coefficient assay kit |
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| BC044-100T48S | ELK Biotech | 100T/48S | EUR 110 |
Glutathione Reductase Activation Coefficient assay kit |
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| MBS2540549-100Assays | MyBiosource | 100Assays | EUR 300 |
Glutathione Reductase Activation Coefficient assay kit |
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| MBS2540549-100Tests | MyBiosource | 100Tests | EUR 300 |
Glutathione Reductase Activation Coefficient assay kit |
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| MBS2540549-5x100Assays | MyBiosource | 5x100Assays | EUR 1355 |
Glutathione Reductase Activation Coefficient assay kit |
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| MBS2540549-5x100Tests | MyBiosource | 5x100Tests | EUR 1355 |
Glutathione Reductase Activation Coefficient Assay Kit |
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| SH0289 | Jiaxing Korain Biotech Ltd (BT Labs) | 100T/48Sample | EUR 260 |
Trypsinogen Activation Peptide (TAP) Magnetic Luminex Assay Kit |
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| LKU603513-96T | Biomatik Corporation | 96T | EUR 944.2 |
Trypsinogen Activation Peptide (TAP) Magnetic Luminex Assay Kit |
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| LKU603521-96T | Biomatik Corporation | 96T | EUR 894.7 |
Trypsinogen Activation Peptide (TAP) Magnetic Luminex Assay Kit |
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| LKU603531-96T | Biomatik Corporation | 96T | EUR 869.4 |
Lymphocyte Activation Gene 3 (LAG3) Magnetic Luminex Assay Kit |
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| LKU607300-96T | Biomatik Corporation | 96T | EUR 917.7 |
Lymphocyte Activation Gene 3 (LAG3) Magnetic Luminex Assay Kit |
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| LKU607304-96T | Biomatik Corporation | 96T | EUR 944.2 |
Fibroblast Activation Protein Alpha (FAPa) Magnetic Luminex Assay Kit |
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| LKU601220-96T | Biomatik Corporation | 96T | EUR 993.6 |
Fibroblast Activation Protein Alpha (FAPa) Magnetic Luminex Assay Kit |
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| LKU601221-96T | Biomatik Corporation | 96T | EUR 966 |
Fibroblast Activation Protein Alpha (FAPa) Magnetic Luminex Assay Kit |
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| LKU601222-96T | Biomatik Corporation | 96T | EUR 1048.8 |
Linker For Activation Of T-Cell (LAT) Magnetic Luminex Assay Kit |
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| LKU601732-96T | Biomatik Corporation | 96T | EUR 869.4 |
Thymus Activation Regulated Chemokine (TARC) Magnetic Luminex Assay Kit |
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| LKU603970-96T | Biomatik Corporation | 96T | EUR 995.9 |
Thymus Activation Regulated Chemokine (TARC) Magnetic Luminex Assay Kit |
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| LKU603977-96T | Biomatik Corporation | 96T | EUR 944.2 |
Thymus Activation Regulated Chemokine (TARC) Magnetic Luminex Assay Kit |
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| LKU603996-96T | Biomatik Corporation | 96T | EUR 869.4 |
Activation Induced Cytidine Deaminase (AICDA) Magnetic Luminex Assay Kit |
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| LKU606582-96T | Biomatik Corporation | 96T | EUR 966 |
B-Cell Activation Factor Receptor (BAFFR) Magnetic Luminex Assay Kit |
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| LKU603426-96T | Biomatik Corporation | 96T | EUR 869.4 |
Pulmonary Activation Regulated Chemokine (PARC) Magnetic Luminex Assay Kit |
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| LKU605817-96T | Biomatik Corporation | 96T | EUR 770.5 |
Neutral Sphingomyelinase Activation Associated Factor (NSMAF) Magnetic Luminex Assay Kit |
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| LKU603761-96T | Biomatik Corporation | 96T | EUR 966 |
B-Lymphocyte Activation Antigen B7-1 (LAB7-1) Magnetic Luminex Assay Kit |
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| LKU603336-96T | Biomatik Corporation | 96T | EUR 917.7 |
T-Cell Activation Antigen, Increased Late Expression (TACTILE) Magnetic Luminex Assay Kit |
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| LKU604679-96T | Biomatik Corporation | 96T | EUR 966 |
96-Well Ras Activation ELISA Kit (Colorimetric) |
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| STA-440 | Cell Biolabs | 96 assays | EUR 810 |
96-Well Ras Activation ELISA Kit (Colorimetric) |
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| MBS168061-5x96Assays | MyBiosource | 5x96Assays | EUR 4825 |
96-Well Ras Activation ELISA Kit (Colorimetric) |
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| MBS168061-96Assays | MyBiosource | 96Assays | EUR 1045 |
Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family, Member 2 (SLAMF2) Magnetic Luminex Assay Kit |
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| LKU603532-96T | Biomatik Corporation | 96T | EUR 966 |
Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family, Member 7 (SLAMF7) Magnetic Luminex Assay Kit |
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| LKU603538-96T | Biomatik Corporation | 96T | EUR 966 |
96-Well Ras Activation ELISA Kit (Chemiluminescent) |
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| STA-441 | Cell Biolabs | 96 assays | EUR 810 |
96-Well Ras Activation ELISA Kit (Chemiluminescent) |
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| MBS168173-5x96Assays | MyBiosource | 5x96Assays | EUR 4825 |
96-Well Ras Activation ELISA Kit (Chemiluminescent) |
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| MBS168173-96Assays | MyBiosource | 96Assays | EUR 1045 |
V-Set Domain Containing T-Cell Activation Inhibitor 1 (VTCN1) Magnetic Luminex Assay Kit |
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| LKU603615-96T | Biomatik Corporation | 96T | EUR 966 |
Tyrosine 3/Tryptophan 5 Monooxygenase Activation Protein Theta (YWHAq) Magnetic Luminex Assay Kit |
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| LKU607555-96T | Biomatik Corporation | 96T | EUR 993.6 |
Tyrosine 3/Tryptophan 5 Monooxygenase Activation Protein Zeta (YWHAz) Magnetic Luminex Assay Kit |
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| LKU607558-96T | Biomatik Corporation | 96T | EUR 993.6 |
Tyrosine 3/Tryptophan 5 Monooxygenase Activation Protein Epsilon (YWHAe) Magnetic Luminex Assay Kit |
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| LKU607552-96T | Biomatik Corporation | 96T | EUR 966 |
Regulated On Activation In Normal T-Cell Expressed And Secreted (RANTES) Magnetic Luminex Assay Kit |
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| LKU600254-96T | Biomatik Corporation | 96T | EUR 993.6 |
Regulated On Activation In Normal T-Cell Expressed And Secreted (RANTES) Magnetic Luminex Assay Kit |
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| LKU607693-96T | Biomatik Corporation | 96T | EUR 770.5 |
Regulated On Activation In Normal T-Cell Expressed And Secreted (RANTES) Magnetic Luminex Assay Kit |
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| LKU607695-96T | Biomatik Corporation | 96T | EUR 770.5 |
Regulated On Activation In Normal T-Cell Expressed And Secreted (RANTES) Magnetic Luminex Assay Kit |
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| LKU607696-96T | Biomatik Corporation | 96T | EUR 770.5 |
Regulated On Activation In Normal T-Cell Expressed And Secreted (RANTES) Magnetic Luminex Assay Kit |
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| LKU607697-96T | Biomatik Corporation | 96T | EUR 993.6 |
Regulated On Activation In Normal T-Cell Expressed And Secreted (RANTES) Magnetic Luminex Assay Kit |
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| LKU607698-96T | Biomatik Corporation | 96T | EUR 1043.1 |
CORNING® BIOCOAT™ T-CELL ACTIVATION CONTROL 96 WELL FLAT BOTTOM ASSAY PLATE, INDIVIDUALLY WRAPPED, 5/CASE |
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| 354730 | CORNING | 5/pk | EUR 102 |
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Description: Advanced Cells - DL; BioCoat 96 Well Clear - DL |
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CORNING® BIOCOAT™ T-CELL ACTIVATION ANTI-MOUSE CD3 96 WELL FLAT BOTTOM ASSAY PLATE, INDIVIDUALLY WRAPPED, 5/CASE |
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| 354720 | CORNING | 5/pk | EUR 576 |
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Description: Advanced Cells - DL; BioCoat 96 Well Clear - DL |
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CORNING® BIOCOAT™ T-CELL ACTIVATION ANTI-HUMAN CD3 96 WELL FLAT BOTTOM ASSAY PLATE, INDIVIDUALLY WRAPPED, 5/CASE |
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| 354725 | CORNING | 5/pk | EUR 568.8 |
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Description: Advanced Cells - DL; BioCoat 96 Well Clear - DL |
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N-SMase Activation Associated Factor |
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| MBS395749-01mg | MyBiosource | 0.1mg | EUR 425 |
N-SMase Activation Associated Factor |
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| MBS395749-5x01mg | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mg | EUR 1760 |
N-SMase Activation Associated Factor |
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| MBS396423-005mg | MyBiosource | 0.05mg | EUR 250 |
N-SMase Activation Associated Factor |
|||
| MBS396423-5x005mg | MyBiosource | 5x0.05mg | EUR 975 |
FAN, N-SMase Activation Associated Factor |
|||
| MBS395673-01mg | MyBiosource | 0.1mg | EUR 425 |
FAN, N-SMase Activation Associated Factor |
|||
| MBS395673-5x01mg | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mg | EUR 1760 |
NK Cell Activation Structures (Natural Killer Cell Activation Structures) |
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| MBS609698-1mL | MyBiosource | 1mL | EUR 975 |
NK Cell Activation Structures (Natural Killer Cell Activation Structures) |
|||
| MBS609698-5x1mL | MyBiosource | 5x1mL | EUR 4245 |
MAP Kinase Activation |
|||
| MBS474422-1Kit | MyBiosource | 1Kit | EUR 585 |
MAP Kinase Activation |
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| MBS474422-5x1Kit | MyBiosource | 5x1Kit | EUR 2690 |
EphA4 Receptor Activation |
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| MBS474309-1Kit | MyBiosource | 1Kit | EUR 585 |
EphA4 Receptor Activation |
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| MBS474309-5x1Kit | MyBiosource | 5x1Kit | EUR 2690 |
GAL-4 Activation Domain |
|||
| MBS395014-01mg | MyBiosource | 0.1mg | EUR 425 |
GAL-4 Activation Domain |
|||
| MBS395014-5x01mg | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mg | EUR 1760 |
Sphingosine Kinase Activation |
|||
| MBS474575-1Kit | MyBiosource | 1Kit | EUR 585 |
Sphingosine Kinase Activation |
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| MBS474575-5x1Kit | MyBiosource | 5x1Kit | EUR 2690 |
NFAT activation molecule 1 |
|||
| AP85978 | SAB | 1mg | EUR 2640 |
NFAT activation molecule 1 |
|||
| AP86130 | SAB | 1mg | EUR 2640 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) APC |
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| MBS6135773-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1(mL | EUR 875 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) APC |
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| MBS6135773-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | EUR 3800 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (AP) |
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| MBS6130470-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1(mL | EUR 875 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (AP) |
|||
| MBS6130470-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | EUR 3800 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (AP) |
|||
| MBS6373235-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1mL | EUR 920 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (AP) |
|||
| MBS6373235-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | EUR 3990 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) APC |
|||
| MBS6373236-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1mL | EUR 920 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) APC |
|||
| MBS6373236-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | EUR 3990 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (HRP) |
|||
| MBS6373239-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1mL | EUR 920 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (HRP) |
|||
| MBS6373239-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | EUR 3990 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (PE) |
|||
| MBS6373245-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1mL | EUR 920 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (PE) |
|||
| MBS6373245-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | EUR 3990 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (HRP) |
|||
| MBS6151682-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1(mL | EUR 875 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (HRP) |
|||
| MBS6151682-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | EUR 3800 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (PE) |
|||
| MBS6156985-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1(mL | EUR 875 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (PE) |
|||
| MBS6156985-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | EUR 3800 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (HRP) |
|||
| MBS6250678-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1(mL | EUR 995 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (HRP) |
|||
| MBS6250678-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | EUR 4325 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (PE) |
|||
| MBS6251645-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1(mL | EUR 995 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (PE) |
|||
| MBS6251645-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | EUR 4325 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (AP) |
|||
| MBS6247736-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1(mL | EUR 995 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (AP) |
|||
| MBS6247736-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | EUR 4325 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (APC) |
|||
| MBS6268592-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1mL | EUR 995 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (APC) |
|||
| MBS6268592-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | EUR 4325 |
Early activation antigen CD69 |
|||
| AP81561 | SAB | 1mg | EUR 2640 |
Early activation antigen CD69 |
|||
| AP81836 | SAB | 1mg | EUR 2640 |
Early activation antigen CD69 |
|||
| MBS7042476-002mg | MyBiosource | 0.02mg | EUR 1485 |
Early activation antigen CD69 |
|||
| MBS7042476-01mg | MyBiosource | 0.1mg | EUR 2445 |
Early activation antigen CD69 |
|||
| MBS7042476-5x01mg | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mg | EUR 10960 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (Biotin) |
|||
| MBS6141076-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1(mL | EUR 875 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (Biotin) |
|||
| MBS6141076-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | EUR 3800 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (Biotin) |
|||
| MBS6373237-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1mL | EUR 920 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (Biotin) |
|||
| MBS6373237-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | EUR 3990 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (FITC) |
|||
| MBS6373238-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1mL | EUR 920 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (FITC) |
|||
| MBS6373238-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | EUR 3990 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (FITC) |
|||
| MBS6146379-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1(mL | EUR 875 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (FITC) |
|||
| MBS6146379-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | EUR 3800 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (Biotin) |
|||
| MBS6248758-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1(mL | EUR 995 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (Biotin) |
|||
| MBS6248758-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | EUR 4325 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (FITC) |
|||
| MBS6249708-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1(mL | EUR 995 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (FITC) |
|||
| MBS6249708-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | EUR 4325 |
Stat3 Activation Inhibitor, SPI |
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| 1813-2 | Biovision | each | EUR 274.8 |
STAT3 Activation Inhibitor, SPI |
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| MBS655441-2mg | MyBiosource | 2mg | EUR 465 |
STAT3 Activation Inhibitor, SPI |
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| MBS655441-5x2mg | MyBiosource | 5x2mg | EUR 1950 |
CD3 (activation epitope) Antibody |
|||
| abx139107-01mg | Abbexa | 0.1 mg | EUR 460.8 |
GAL4 Activation Domain Antibody |
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| 20-abx330273 | Abbexa |
|
|
CD3 (activation epitope) Antibody |
|||
| abx139107-100l | Abbexa | 100 µl | EUR 300 |
CD3 (activation epitope) Antibody |
|||
| abx139107-500l | Abbexa | 500 µl | Ask for price |
CD18 (Activation Epitope) Antibody |
|||
| GWB-9C757A | GenWay Biotech | 0.02 mg | Ask for price |
CD18 (Activation Epitope) Antibody |
|||
| GWB-778F3E | GenWay Biotech | 0.2 mg | Ask for price |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (MaxLight 405) |
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| MBS6373240-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1mL | EUR 920 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (MaxLight 405) |
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| MBS6373240-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | EUR 3990 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (MaxLight 490) |
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| MBS6373241-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1mL | EUR 920 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (MaxLight 490) |
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| MBS6373241-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | EUR 3990 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (MaxLight 550) |
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| MBS6373242-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1mL | EUR 920 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (MaxLight 550) |
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| MBS6373242-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | EUR 3990 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (MaxLight 650) |
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| MBS6373243-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1mL | EUR 920 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (MaxLight 650) |
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| MBS6373243-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | EUR 3990 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (MaxLight 750) |
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| MBS6373244-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1mL | EUR 920 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (MaxLight 750) |
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| MBS6373244-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | EUR 3990 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (MaxLight 490) |
|||
| MBS6200008-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1(mL | EUR 875 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (MaxLight 490) |
|||
| MBS6200008-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | EUR 3800 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (MaxLight 550) |
|||
| MBS6210683-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1(mL | EUR 875 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (MaxLight 550) |
|||
| MBS6210683-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | EUR 3800 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (MaxLight 405) |
|||
| MBS6189333-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1(mL | EUR 875 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (MaxLight 405) |
|||
| MBS6189333-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | EUR 3800 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (MaxLight 650) |
|||
| MBS6221358-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1(mL | EUR 875 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (MaxLight 650) |
|||
| MBS6221358-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | EUR 3800 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (MaxLight 490) |
|||
| MBS6253683-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1(mL | EUR 995 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (MaxLight 490) |
|||
| MBS6253683-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | EUR 4325 |
CD69 (Activation Inducer Molecule, AIM, BLAC/P26, CLEC2C, EA1, Early Activation Antigen CD69, Early T cell Activation Antigen p60, GP32/28, Leu23, MLR-3) (MaxLight 550) |
|||
| MBS6254723-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1(mL | EUR 995 |
In vitro differentiatie van menselijke pluripotente stamcellen in de B-lijn met behulp van OP9-MS5 co-cultuur
In vitro differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offers a genetically tractable system to examine the physiology and pathology of human tissue development and differentiation. We have used this approach to model the earliest stages of human B lineage development and characterize potential target cells for the in utero initiation of childhood B acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Herein, we detail critical aspects of the protocol including reagent validation, controls, and examples of surface markers used for analysis and cell sorting. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Boiers et al. (2018).
Differentiatie van door de mens geïnduceerde pluripotente stamcellen tot definitief endoderm met behulp van een eenvoudig dialysecultuurapparaat
Therapeutic use of differentiated organ cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is one of the promising strategies for regenerative medicine. Differentiation into definitive endoderm is an essential process in the preparation of metabolic organs. However, the manufacturability of differentiation is limited due to the high-cost cytokines required for the differentiation of endodermal lineage.
Furthermore, the cytokines remaining in the used culture medium and possible endogenous factors are removed along with toxic metabolites by the medium replacement. To address these problems, the application of dialysis culture can retain and fully utilize their accumulation to create a better culture environment that contributes to differentiation cost reduction.
The control of glycosylation profiles is essential to the consistent manufacture of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies that may be produced from a variety of cell lines including CHO and NS0. Of particular concern is the potential for generating non-human epitopes such as N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) and Galα1-3 Gal that may be immunogenic. We have looked at the effects of a commonly used media supplements of manganese, galactose and uridine (MGU) on Mab production from CHO and NS0 cells in enhancing galactosylation and sialylation as well as the generation of these non-human glycan epitopes.
In the absence of the MGU supplement, the humanized IgG1 antibody (Hu1D10) produced from NS0 cells showed a low level of mono- and disialylated structures (SI:0.09) of which 75% of sialic acid was Neu5Gc. The chimeric human-llama Mab (EG2-hFc) produced from CHO cells showed an equally low level of sialylation (SI: 0.12) but the Neu5Gc content of sialic acid was negligible (<3%). Combinations of the MGU supplements added to the production cultures resulted in a substantial increase in the galactosylation of both Mabs (up to GI:0.78 in Hu1D10 and 0.81 in EG2-hFc).
However, the effects on sialylation differed between the two Mabs. We observed a slight increase in sialylation of the EG2-hFc Mab by a combination of MG but it appeared that one of the components (uridine) was inhibitory to sialylation.
On the other hand, MG or MGU increased sialylation of Hu1D10 substantially (SI:0.72) with an increase that could be attributed predominantly to the formation of Neu5Ac rather than Neu5Gc. The increased level of galactosylation observed with MG or MGU was attributed to an activation of the galactosyl transferase enzymes through enhanced intracellular levels of UDP-Gal and the availability of Mn2+ as an enzymic co-factor.
However, this effect not only increased the desirable beta 1-4 Gal linkage to GlcNAc but unfortunately in NS0 cells increased the formation of Galα1-3 Gal which was shown to increase x3 in the presence of combinations of the MGU supplements. Supplementation of media with fetal bovine serum (FBS) increased the availability of free Neu5Ac which resulted in a significant increase in the sialylation of Hu1D10 from NS0 cells. This also resulted in a significant decrease in the proportion of Neu5Gc in the measured sialic acid from the Mab.